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 主题:欲壑难填:“七七”事变前的日本侵华编年史
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发表时间:2010-10-5 23:01:39   IP:219.133.108.209

主题:欲壑难填:“七七”事变前的日本侵华编年史
    新华网北京7月6日电 1937年7月7日,山河变色的一夜。

  蓄谋已久的日军向北平西南卢沟桥畔的宛平城发起了进攻,中国29军官兵奋起抵抗。以此为起点,日本开始了全面侵华战争,不屈的中华民族开始了长达8年的全民抗战。

  然而,这仅仅是近代日本漫长的侵华野心的总爆发。


  日本——中国这个一衣带水的近邻,早已对中国这块富饶的土地觊觎多时、染指已久。“进入大陆”的迷梦,不断膨胀的野心,使得这个受中国传统文化恩惠最重的国家成为近代以来祸患中国最深的仇敌。

  “两千年来,中国施之于日本者甚厚,有造于日本者至大,百年来日本报之于中国者极酷,为祸中国者独深。近代中国所遭受的创痛,虽然不能说全部来自于日本,但实际上以日本所给予的最多最巨。”

  历史学家郭廷以的这段评论可谓一针见血。

  那么,在全面侵华战争前,日本对中国进行了怎样的侵略?中国日本史学会会长、中国社会科学院研究员汤重南一一作了列举。

  1874年

  5月,日本以台湾高山族杀害54名琉球渔民为由,悍然出兵3600余人侵我台湾,残酷杀戮高山族同胞。

  10月,迫使清政府签订《中日台事专条》及“会议凭单”,默认琉球人是日本人,并赔偿日本50万两白银。1875年,日本以“凭单”中“日本国从前被害难民之家,中国先准给抚恤十万两”一句而强迫琉球国王停止向中国朝贡。1879年,日本吞并曾是中国属国的琉球国,改其为冲绳县。

  1894年

  是年春,朝鲜爆发“东学党”农民起义,朝鲜政府于6月3日请求清政府派兵协助镇压。清军首批部队于6月8日抵朝,驻守牙山。6月,日本以清军入朝为借口,调遣大批日军赴朝,迅速抢占从仁川至汉城一带各战略要地。

  7月25日,日军不宣而战,向牙山中国驻军突击,同时,日本军舰袭击在丰岛海面执行护航任务的中国军舰,重创“济远”号和“广乙”号;击沉“高升”号运输舰,造成700多中国官兵死亡,挑起了侵略中国的甲午战争。8月1日,中日同时正式宣战。9月17日,日舰队在黄海海面袭击中国北洋舰队,击沉3艘军舰。“致远”号管带邓世昌及全船250人、“经远”号管带林永升及全船270人壮烈牺牲。

  10月,日军分两路侵犯我辽宁省。

  11月,日军占领大连、旅顺。日军进入旅顺后,见人就杀,在4天3夜的大屠杀中,全市近2万中国人全遭杀戮,只有埋尸的36人幸免于难。

  1895年

  1月,日军从水陆两路夹攻驻威海卫中国海军,2月,北洋舰队全军覆没。3月,日军占领整个辽东半岛,日军所至,烧杀淫掠,无所不为,仅在田庄台一地,就杀死我军民2000多人。

  4月17日,日本迫使战败的中国清政府在日本马关签订了割地赔款的《中日马关条约》。条约要求中国割让台湾、澎湖列岛和辽东半岛给日本。5月5日,日本因俄、德、法等国的干涉,被迫“放弃”辽东半岛。

  5月27日,日军进犯台湾。

  11月,日占领台湾全岛。

  同月,日本强迫清政府签订《中日辽南条约》,中国向日本加付3000万两白银,才“赎回”辽东半岛。

  甲午战争的胜利,使日本成了“暴发户”。日本外务大臣井上馨兴奋地说:“一想到现在有35000万日元滚滚而来,无论政府或私人都顿觉无比的富裕。”

  1898年

  4月,日本强行将福建划为其势力范围。

  1900年

  5月,日、俄、英、美、德、法、意、奥八国联军进犯北京。

  6月15日,日本内阁决定向中国派遣25000名官兵,作为八国联军的主力。

  8月14日,八国联军攻陷北京,在京烧杀淫掠。

  8月24日,日舰“和泉号”上的陆战队在厦门登陆。28日,又从台湾派两个步兵连入侵厦门。

  1901年

  9月7日,清朝政府与日本等11国在北京签订《辛丑和约》,同意外国军队驻扎在北京到天津、山海关沿线的12个地区,赔款白银4.5亿两,日本从中分得3479.31万两。

  1904年

  2月8日,日本不宣而战,偷袭俄国在中国旅顺口的舰队。10日,两国相互宣战,日俄战争爆发。12日,清朝政府宣布(对日俄战争)中国“局外中立”。

  1905年

  1月,日军攻陷旅顺。3月,日军占领奉天(沈阳),与俄为争夺中国领土和权益在我东北进行大规模厮杀。

  9月5日,俄国战败与日签订《朴茨茅斯和约》。

  12月22日,清朝政府和日本政府在北京签订《中日会议东三省事宜条约》。条约规定,清朝政府同意根据日俄《朴茨茅斯和约》将俄国在辽东半岛的租借地转让给日本,并在中国东三省增加开放城市和港口,安东和奉天之间军用铁路由日本经营,禁止修建与“满铁”平行的线路。

  1906年

  6月,日本成立了对我国东北进行政治、经济、军事、文化侵略的大本营“南满洲铁道株式会社”和关东都督府。

  1907年

  7月,日本与法、俄签订秘密协定,把南满和福建定为日本势力范围。

  1914年

  8月,爆发第一次世界大战后,日本把山东黄河以南地区划为日本对德“交战区”。

  10月,日军占领济南和胶济铁路全线。

  11月,日、英联军攻占青岛。英军(约千人左右)很快撤走,日军却拒不撤军,妄图长期侵占山东。

  1915年

  1月18日,日本驻华公使日置益会见袁世凯,针对中国政府要求日军撤出山东的照会,提出了秘密条款,共有5号,分为21条,即“二十一条”。

  5月,日本以最后通牒方式,迫使袁世凯接受灭亡中国的“二十一条”。

  1925年

  5月15日,日本人开枪打死上海日商内外棉纱厂工人代表顾正红、打伤工人十余名。

  后又伙同英国制造了震惊中外的“五卅惨案”,当场打死工人和学生71人,打伤数十人。

  1926年

  3月,日舰炮击大沽炮台,中国驻军死伤10余人,后日本调军舰于大沽对中国进行威胁。3月18日,北京群众举行集会向段祺瑞政府请愿,遭到镇压,47人被打死,200余人被打伤,酿成“三·一八惨案”。

  1928年

  5月3日,日军制造“济南惨案”,打死中国军民1000多人,5月11日,攻占济南,并大肆烧杀,中国军民共死亡6123人、伤1700多人。

  6月,日本在沈阳皇姑屯车站炸死张作霖,阴谋乘乱夺取东北。

  1931年

  9月18日,日本关东军炸毁沈阳郊外柳条湖的“南满”铁路,诬指中国军队所为,悍然对附近的北大营和沈阳城发动进攻,制造了“九·一八”事变。日军连续攻陷沈阳、鞍山、铁岭、抚顺、长春等重要城市,随后数月,继续进犯东三省其他地区,1932年2月5日占领哈尔滨,东北全境沦陷,3000多万同胞沦为日军铁蹄下的奴隶。

  1932年

  1月28日,日军在上海挑起“一·二八”事变。驻防上海的中国十九路军奋起反击,与日军激战33天,中国军民死伤达1.6万余人,财产损失达20亿元以上。5月5日,中日双方在上海签订了《上海停战协定》,日军得以进驻上海。

  3月9日,日本制造的傀儡政权——伪“满洲国”在长春宣告成立。清逊帝溥仪就任“执政”,并“委托”日本关东军维持“国防”和治安、管理铁路,并聘请日本顾问。

  1933年

  1月至5月,日军攻占热河省后,大举进攻长城各口,先后占领察哈尔省及河北省北部大部分土地,进逼北平、天津。5月31日,迫使国民党政府签署了限令中国军队撤退的《塘沽停战协定》。确认长城一线为日军占领线,等于认可了日本对东北四省的非法侵占;划绥东、察北、冀东为日军自由出入区,便利了日本进一步控制整个华北。

  1935年

  10月至12月,日本制造“华北事变”。10月22日,日本在河北香河指使汉奸暴动,占据县城。11月7日,策动宋哲元等进行“华北五省自治运动”。11月25日,策动殷汝耕等汉奸在通州成立“冀东防共自治政府”。冀东22个县宣告脱离中国政府管辖,沦为日本殖民地。北平学生爆发“一二·九”抗日救亡运动。

  1937年

  7月7日,日本侵略军在北平西南卢沟桥附近举行挑衅性军事演习,随后借口演习中失踪一名士兵,炮轰宛平城,守桥的中国29军官兵奋起反击,震惊世界的“七七”事变爆发。这是日本全面侵华战争的开始,也是中国全国性抗战的起点。(执笔:樊永强、徐壮志、李宣良)(完)(责任编辑:罗茜)
 

容易忘记过去的人,他把今天和未来的事也不一定能作好!!!

 

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主题:据铃木启久1954年7月笔供
  笔供内容提要(中文)

铃木启久

  据铃木启久1954年7月笔供,他1890年生于日本福岛县,1934年到中国东北参加侵华战争,任步兵第28联队长辅佐,1945年4月任陆军中将,第117师团长。同年8月31日在吉林被俘。

  重要罪行有:

  1934年6月前后,在锦州“杀害了2名中国农民”。

  1935年3月上旬前后,援助高木大佐“于上板城附近烧掉了两个共有300户的村庄,并杀害了很多中国人民”。

  1940年9月,在安徽宣城作战中,对躲在屋内的约50名抗日军人“以毒瓦斯将其全部惨杀了”。

  1941年在安徽巢县设置慰安所,并诱拐了20名“中国妇女及朝鲜妇女做为慰安妇”。

  1941年11月,在河北枣强攻击八路军,“杀害了10人,并烧毁约有600户两个村庄,同时屠杀了100名中国农民”。

  1941年12月,“强制居于长城线附近2公里以内的”“居民迁移,使之成为无人区”。

  1942年1月,在唐山一带命令田浦大佐“扫荡,烧毁了约有800户的房屋,并屠杀了1千名中国的农民”。

  1942年4月,在河北丰润田官营“大力的虐杀了八路军,在鲁家峪攻击洞穴时使用毒瓦斯惨杀了八路军干部以下约一百人,”又将“逃至鲁家峪附近村庄避难的235名中国农民用野蛮的办法惨杀了(将其中的妊妇剖腹了),烧毁房屋约800户,将往玉田送交的俘虏中杀害了5人,强奸妇女达百名之多”。

  1942年7月,在丰润将“民房烧毁了500户,惨杀了约100名中国农民”。

  1942年9—12月,为把迁安、遵化等地“变为无人地带,即强制该区的居民全部迁移。”“在该地区烧毁的房屋达一万户以上,强迫搬走的人民达数万以上,被惨杀者也甚多。”

  1942年10月,“对滦县潘家戴庄1280名的农民采取了枪杀、刺杀、斩杀及活埋等野蛮办法进行了集体屠杀,并烧毁了全村800户的房屋”。

  1942年,命令日军盘踞地区“皆设有慰安所,并引诱约60名的中国妇女任慰安妇”。

  1944年5月,在河南新乡“向抗日军游击队进行攻击并将其杀害约10人,同时将战场附近的村庄烧毁约300户,杀害约100名的中国农民”。

  1944年7月,在河南封丘“杀害了约40名的抗日军游击队,并在其附近烧毁了一个约有400户的村庄,杀害了约100名的中国农民”。

  1944年8月,向河南怀庆抗日军队“进行攻击,并杀害约10人,将农民的房屋烧掉了约400户,虐杀了约30名的中国人民”。

  1944年11月,“我命令步兵部队侵略林县南部地区后,在撤出该地区之同时,由防疫给水班在三、四个村庄散布霍乱菌,因此后来我接到‘在林县内有100名以上的中国人民患霍乱病,死亡人数也很多’的报告”。之后,又在长路县某村“将该村约300户的房屋烧毁,并将该村的660名中国农民以极野蛮的办法虐杀了,即枪杀、刺杀、烧杀等极惨暴的方法” 。“另外,在此侵略中,我的部下又共杀害了30名俘虏”。

  “我为了试验以空气注射杀人的方法,于1945年春在怀庆的师团野战病院命令“进行试验,即给予当时住院的1名中国伪县警备队员极高的代价进行了试验”。

  1945年春,在怀庆一村庄“将该村庄的农民杀害了约500人,将全村600户房屋烧掉了”。

  1945年春前后,将焦作“附近村庄烧毁了约400户房屋,惨杀约100名中国农民”。

  1945年,在“蟠居地区命令设立所谓慰安所,并引诱约60名的中国妇女和朝鲜妇女任慰安妇”。

  1945年7月,中旬“在醴泉进行了侵略,惨杀了约40名中国人民”。

  “在侵略中国期间”,“只我个人的记忆即杀害了5470名中国人民,烧毁和破坏中国人民的房屋18229户,其实际数字很(可)能还多”。




笔供英文内容提要(Abstract of the Written Confessions in English)

Suzuki Keiku(铃木启久)

  According to the written confession of Suzuki Keikuin July 1954, he was born in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan in 1890 and went to northeast China in 1934 to join the Japanese War of Aggression against China, serving as assistant commander of the 28th Infantry Regiment. In April 1945, he became lieutenant general and commander of the 117th Division. He was captured in Jilin on 31August 1945.

  Major offences:

  Around June 1934: “killed two Chinese peasants” in Jinzhou;

  Around early March 1935: assisted Colonel Takagi in “burning down two villages with a total of 300 households near Shangban City and killing many Chinese people”;

  September 1940: “used poison gas to brutally kill all” of the 50 or so anti-Japanese soldiers hidden indoor in a battle in Xuancheng, Anhui;

  1941: set up a comfort station in Chaoxian County, Anhui and abducted 20 “Chinese and Korean women as comfort women”;

  November 1941: in an attack on the Eighth Route Army in Zaoqiang, Hebei, “killed 10 soldiers, burned down two villages with around 600 households, and also slaughtered 100 Chinese peasants”;

  December 1941: “forced inhabitants” “in the area within 2 kilometers of the Great Wall” “to relocate and made the area a depopulated zone”;

  January 1942: ordered Colonel Taisuke to “burn down the houses of about 800 households and slaughter 1,000 Chinese peasants in a mop-up operation” in Tangshan area;

  April 1942: in Tianguanying, Fengrun, Hebei, “brutally killed soldiers of the Eighth Route Army and used poison gas in an attack to murder about 100 cadres and soldiers of the Eighth Route Army in the caves in Lujiayu” and “cruelly killed 235 Chinese peasants seeking refuge in a village near Lujiayu (cutting open the bellies of pregnant women among them), burned down houses of about 800 households, killed 5captives to be delivered to Yutian, and raped as many as100 women”;

  July 1942: in Fengrun, “burned down civilian houses of around 500 households and brutally killed about 100 Chinese peasants”;

  From September to December 1942: in order to “create depopulated zones, i.e. to force all the residents to move out” of regions including Qian’an and Zunhua, “burned down the houses of over 10,000 households in those regions, forced tens of thousands of people to relocate and also massacred many people”;

  October 1942: “murdered 1,280 peasants in Daizhuang Village, Panjia, Luanxian County in such cruel ways like shooting, bayoneting, slashing and burying alive, and burned down the houses of all 800 households in the village”;

  1942: ordered “to set up comfort stations in all” regions where Japanese troops were stationed and “to lure about 60 Chinese women to serve as comfort women”;

  May 1944: in Xinxiang, Henan, “attacked anti-Japanese guerrilla forces and killed around 10 of their soldiers, burned down about 300 houses in villages close to the battlefield, and killed about 100 Chinese peasants”;

  July 1944: in Fengqiu, Henan, “killed about 40 soldiers of the anti-Japanese guerrilla forces, burned down a neighboring village of about 400 households, and killed about 100 Chinese peasants”;

  August 1944: “attacked and killed about 10 soldiers” of the anti-Japanese troops in Huaiqing, Henan, “burned down farmhouses of about 400 households, and brutally killed some 30 Chinese people”;

  November 1944: “I ordered the infantry to invade the southern part of Linxian County, and, when the troops were pulling out of the region, I ordered the Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply Squad to spread cholera virus in three or four villages. Afterwards, I received a report saying that ‘more than 100 Chinese people in Linxian were infected with cholera, and the death toll was also high’”; after this, in a village in Changlu County, “burned down the houses of around 300 households and killed 660 Chinese peasants of the village in extremely brutal ways like shooting, bayoneting and burning”; “Also during this attack, 30 captives were killed by soldiers under my command.”;

  “In order to test the method of killing people with air injection, I ordered in spring 1945 the division field hospital in Huaiqing to “conduct an experiment, which is to test it on a hospitalized Chinese soldier of the Puppet County Guards with an extremely high price”;

  Spring 1945: “killed about 500 peasants and burned down the houses of all the 600 households” in a village in Huaiqing;

  Around spring 1945: “burned down the houses of around 400 households in villages” near Jiaozuo, and “brutally killed some 100 Chinese peasants”;

  1945: “ordered to set up comfort stations in the regions occupied by the Japanese troops, and lured about 60 Chinese and Korean women to serve as comfort women”;

  Mid-July 1945: “invaded Liquan, and slaughtered about 40 Chinese people”;

  “During the aggression against China”, and “based on my memory alone, 5,470 Chinese people were killed, and the houses of 18,229 Chinese households were burned down or damaged. The actual number (may) be much higher.”




 

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主题:1945年8月14日,日本天皇裕仁发表停战诏书,宣布日本无条件投降
  1945年8月14日,日本天皇裕仁发表停战诏书,宣布日本无条件投降。根据《波茨坦公告》,中、美、英、苏等11个国家组成远东国际军事法庭,对发动侵华战争和太平洋战争负有战争责任的东条英机等日本战犯进行了审判。

  新中国诞生后,接管和关押的日本侵华战犯达1109名,分别关押在抚顺、太原两地。1954年,中央人民政府最高人民检察署(后改称中华人民共和国最高人民检察院)负责对日本侵华战犯的侦查、起诉工作,对他们在侵略中国战争中侵夺中国主权,策划、推行侵略政策,进行特务间谍活动,制造细菌武器,施放毒气,屠杀、抓捕、奴役和毒化中国人民,强奸妇女,掠夺物资财物,毁灭城镇乡村,驱逐和平居民,违反国际准则和人道主义原则等各种罪行进行了审讯。

  根据1956年4月25日全国人大常委会通过的《关于处理在押日本侵略中国战争中犯罪分子的决定》,中华人民共和国最高人民检察院于1956年先后分三批对在押的1017名罪行相对较轻、悔罪表现较好的日本侵华战犯宣布免予起诉,并立即释放。同时,对职务较高、罪行较重的45名日本侵华战犯,向中华人民共和国最高人民法院特别军事法庭提起公诉(其余47名战犯在关押期间死亡)。

  1956年6月至7月,中华人民共和国最高人民法院特别军事法庭分别在沈阳、太原对铃木启久等45名战犯进行了公开审判,并根据被告人的犯罪事实、犯罪情节、悔罪表现等情况,按照全国人大常委会的决定,实行从宽处理,分别判处了二十年至八年有期徒刑。

  有关全国人大常委会、最高人民检察署(院)、最高人民法院特别军事法庭审判日本侵华战犯的档案,现保存在中央档案馆。档案卷宗内各个战犯自己的书面笔供以及详细的审讯笔录等材料,是日本军国主义侵略者对中国人民所犯滔天罪行的铁证。

  日本安倍内阁上台以后,公然颠倒黑白、混淆视听,美化对外侵略和殖民历史。这是对历史正义和人类良知的漠视,也是对二战成果和战后国际秩序的挑战。在卢沟桥事变77周年之际,中央档案馆从馆藏档案中选取了经最高人民法院审判的45名日本战犯的亲笔供词,包括笔供原文、补充、更正、附言等以及当时的中文译文并附提要,一并向社会公布,揭露日本侵华期间的反人道、反人类、反文明暴行。

  前事不忘,后事之师。只有真正牢记历史、以史为鉴,才能避免战争悲剧的重演,才能使世界达到真正的持久和平与稳定。

 

  Introduction

  On August 14 1945, Emperor Hirohito of Japan issued an imperial edict on armistice, announcing Japan's unconditional surrender. In accordance with the Potsdam Proclamation, the International Military Tribunal for the Far East was formed by 11 countries, including China, the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union, and had trials on Hideki Tojo and other Japanese war criminals responsible for launching the Japanese War of Aggression against China and the Pacific War.

  After the birth of New China, a total of 1,109 Japanese war criminals were taken over and held in custody in the two places of Fushun and Taiyuan. In 1954, the Supreme People's Procuratorate Office of the Central People's Government (later renamed the Supreme People's Procuratorate of the People's Republic of China) was responsible for the investigation and prosecution of the Japanese war criminals. It had trials on their crimes committed during the Japanese War of Aggression against China, including violating China's sovereignty, planning and implementing the policy of aggression, conducting spy and espionage activities, manufacturing bacteria weapons, releasing poison gas, killing, arresting, enslaving and poisoning the Chinese people, raping women, plundering money and materials, destroying towns and villages, expelling peaceful inhabitants, and violating international norms and humanitarian principles.

  According to the Decision on the Handling of the Criminals in Custody from the Japanese War of Aggression against China adopted by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC) on 25 April 1956, the Supreme People's Procuratorate of the People's Republic of China announced the decision to exempt from prosecution and immediately release, in three batches in 1956, a total of 1,017 Japanese war criminals in custody, who had relatively minor offenses and good behaviors of repentance. Meanwhile, a public prosecution was initiated to the Special Military Tribunal of the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China on 45 Japanese war criminals, who were of higher positions and heavier offenses (the other 47 war criminals died in custody).

  From June to July 1956, the Special Military Tribunal of the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China publicly tried in Shenyang and Taiyuan the 45 war criminals including Suzuki Keiku, and, based on the defendants' criminal facts, circumstances of the crimes, repentance, etc., treated them with leniency in accordance with the decision of the NPC Standing Committee, sentencing them to from twenty years to eight years in prison respectively.

  Archives related to the trials of the war criminals of the Japanese War of Aggression against China, such as documents issued by the NPC Standing Committee, the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Special Military Tribunal of the Supreme People's Court, are stored in the Central Archives. The confessions written by all the war criminals and the detailed trial records contained in the archive files are irrefutable evidence of the heinous crimes committed by the Japanese militarist aggressors against the Chinese people.

  Since the Abe cabinet came into power in Japan, it has openly confused right and wrong to mislead the public, in an attempt to whitewash the history of external aggression and colonialism. This is a total disregard of the historical justice and human conscience, as well as a challenge to the outcome of World War II and the post-war international order. On the occasion of the 77th anniversary of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, we at the Central Archives have selected from the archive files the written confessions of the 45 Japanese war criminals tried by the Supreme People's Court, including the original texts of the written confessions, supplements, corrections, postscripts, etc. as well as the then Chinese translations with abstracts, to release to the general public, in order to expose the anti-humanitarianism, anti-humanity, and anti-civilization atrocities during the Japanese invasion of China.

  The past, if not forgotten, can serve as a guide for the future. Only by truly remembering the history and learning from the history, can we avoid a repeat of the tragedy of war and achieve real and lasting peace and stability in the world.

 

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